鲑鱼降钙素预防老年性骨质疏松患者发生胸腰椎压缩性骨折的研究

目的研究鲑鱼降钙素在老年性骨质疏松治疗中对胸腰椎骨折的预防作用。方法 84例老年性骨质疏松患者,随机分成A,B两组,其中A组肌注鲑鱼降钙素和口服钙剂3个月,B组口服钙剂3个月;之后3年间每月随诊并行胸腰椎X线检查,统计A,B两组发生胸腰椎压缩性骨折的例数。结果 64人得到随诊,其中A组34例,发生骨折为6例;B组30例,发生骨折为12例;经皮尔逊卡方检验,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论鲑鱼降钙素能有效预防老年性骨质疏松患者发生胸腰椎压缩性骨折,并能有效缓解骨质疏松引起的胸腰背部疼痛,安全性好。     

小剂量初次腹膜透析对慢性肾衰竭的疗效研究

目的:分析对慢性肾衰竭患者实施小剂量初次腹膜透析治疗的效果。方法:择取32例慢性肾衰竭患者,对照组16例接受常规剂量初次腹膜透析,研究组16例接受小剂量初次腹膜透析。结果:研究组血肌酐水平低于对照组,血红蛋白水平、肾皮质厚度、尿量均高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组总尿素整体清除率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对慢性肾衰竭患者来说,小剂量初次腹膜透析一方面可以实现充分透析,另一方面可以使肾功能得到改善。     

外伤性脊髓损伤后的低钾症（附31例报告）

对我院１９８２年以来救治的脊柱骨折脱位台并截瘫（包括不全瘫）２９６例中出现低钾症的３１例进行了分析。此症发生率约１０．４％，其特点是①外伤性脊髓损伤后出现低钾；②大部分由禁食、使用激素、脱水剂引起；③多在伤后２￣５ｄ出现；④颈椎脊髓损伤后多见。治疗本症的原则是及时发现，及时诊断，及时补充钾。低钾不纠正，必将影响脊髓损伤的康复，且易 并发褥疮和肺部感染等，甚至加重呼吸肌的麻痹或心力衰竭而死亡。     

亚洲少年眼和肾结节病1例

结节病通常导致年轻人患双侧肺门淋巴腺病,肺实质疾病和/或皮肤损伤等。儿童结节病是一种相对罕见的疾病,尤其是眼和肾脏同时受累的儿童患者。我们这里呈现了一个双侧复发性前葡萄膜炎伴发肾功能衰竭的结节病的少年亚裔病情。口服类固醇与甲氨喋呤后临床症状得到明显改善。因顽固性青光眼行小梁切除术后双眼视力令人满意。因此,给予及时的诊断及迅速适当的处理能避免这类罕见疾病的眼部发病率。     

Lentinan: Hematopoietic,Immunological, and Efficacy Studies in a Syngeneic Model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Lentinan, a β-glucan nutritional supplement isolated from the shitake mushroom (Lentula edodes), is a biological response modifier with immunostimulatory properties. Concomitantly, the role of β-glucans as chemoimmunotherapeutic in a number of solid cancers has been widely documented. We investigated the effects of nutritional grade lentinan upon BN rats and in a preclinical syngeneic model of acute myeloid leukemia. BN rats supplemented daily with lentinan exhibited weight gains, increased white blood cells, monocytes, and circulating cytotoxic T-cells; and had a reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and additionally IL-6. Lentinan treatment of BN rats with BNML leukemia resulted in improved cage-side health and reduced cachexia in the terminal stage of this aggressive disease. Combination of lentinan with standards of care in acute myeloid leukemia, idarubicin, and cytarabine increased average survival compared with monotherapy and reduced cachexia. These results indicate that nutritional supplementation of cancer patients with lentinan should be further investigated.     

The effect of calcium antagonists on the cardiotoxic effects of isoprenaline in rats]

Rats were pretreated with either verapamil or nifedipine five minutes prior to isoprenaline injection in order to prevent the development of myocardial necrosis which was verified by biochemical, electrophysiological and histological changes in the control animals. Verapamil embolised completely the elevation of creatine-kinase, lactate-dehydrogenase and alpha-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase plasma activity, Q-waves and ST-segment elevations in ECG as well as the coagulation necrosis and myocytolysis. Nifedipine failed to exerts any protective effect, making the biochemical alteration even more pronounced.     

Obstacles for optimal tuberculosis case detection in primary health centers (PHC) in Sidoarjo district,East Java,Indonesia

Background  

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide. Detection of the most infectious cases of tuberculosis - sputum smear-positive pulmonary cases - by passive case finding is an essential component of TB control. The district of Sidoarjo in East Java reported a low case detection rate (CDR) of 14% in 2003. We evaluated the diagnostic process for TB in primary health care centers (PHC) in Sidoarjo district to assess whether problems in identification of TB suspects or in diagnosing TB patients can explain the low CDR.     

坐骨神经干肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 提高对坐骨神经干肿瘤的认识,避免误诊误治。方法 总结７例坐骨神经干肿瘤的诊断和治疗经验。结果 ７例中韧带状瘤３例,横纹肌肉瘤１例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤３例。随访５个月－８年,韧带状瘤３例复发,再次手术切除,横纹肌肉瘤１例复发后拒绝治疗,余３例未复发。结论 坐骨神经干肿瘤的诊断必须进行细致的坐骨神经干的扪诊检查;治疗以根治手术为主,辅以化疗或放疗。     

对全髋与全膝关节置换术后LMWH应用时机的初步研究

目的 探讨全髋与全膝关节置换术后应用低分子肝素(LMWH)预防深静脉血栓(DVT)的时机.方法 158例全髋与全膝关节置换者中髋关节置换(THA)81例、全膝关节置换(TKA)77例.观察术后不同时机使用LMWH对术后引流量、DVT发生率的影响.结果 THA术后开始使用LMWH组引流量与术后72 h组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000),而TKA术后组与术后72 h组差异无统计学意义(P=0.552).在THA和TKA中,术后组与术后72 h组DVT发生率差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 THA术后LMWH的最佳应用时机是术后72 h,但术后即应用LMWH则是TKA术后预防DVT的最佳时机.